Bookkeeping is the day-to-day process of recording every dollar that moves through your business so you, the IRS, and your CPA all see the same numbers.
Bookkeeping records and organizes the data; accounting interprets it and makes decisions. You need both, but accounting is impossible until bookkeeping is clean.
Read cash vs accrual next, or jump to chart of accounts. Behind already? See catch-up bookkeeping.